Patience Essays (3171 words) - Emotions, Patience, Spirituality

Patience ART 275 VIDEO & SOUND BARRET LANGLINAIS 7/28/99 PATIENCE My Monday morning already was a hectic one. I found myself already ten minutes late for work, as I drove down the busy main street in the city where I lived. Coming up on a stoplight, I cut off a driver in the car next to me. Having total disregard for anyone but myself. As I proceeded through the stoplight it was quite apparent that I had upset the driver in the car. As I drove it became more and noticeable that this young driver had become more and more upset. We would reach stoplight after stoplight taking turns cutting off each other. In the process we would totally disregard the other drivers we included in our being impatient with one another. I had to be first at every light, every stop sign, or passing others in front of us. My motivation was the only thing important to me. Even at the expense of this other drivers and their own motives. Finally after several instances of getting the finger from him I stopped at a stop sign rolled down my window and said to him that I would really like to talk to him. Already knowing that I was so late for work I hoped that he would oblige. He did and we proceeded to find the next available side road in which we could get off the main road. Getting out of the car I was hoping he wouldn't be too angry. I approached him and motioned to a nearby park bench. We sat down and this is what took place. ALAN: Hi sir, How are you today? I would like to talk to you about what took place a few moments ago. Is that Okay? JIM: That is certainly okay, I was kind of thinking that we needed to talk about it to. ALAN: What's your name? JIM: My name is Jim. ALAN: Hi Jim, my name is Alan. JIM: Nice to meet you Alan. ALAN: Why were you in such a hurry Jim? Don't you realize that it takes patience to get where you are going. JIM: Yes, I realize this. May I ask why are you in such a hurry. If you are worried about patience from me, what is your meaning of the word patience? ALAN: Patience to me is a virtue few people have mastered. Patience is something gained with experience. Life shows us in many ways what it takes to have true patience. I feel the true meaning of patience is self respect as well as respect of others. JIM: Does this mean that true patience is a learned virtue? Does this mean that respect is important to you. Do you respect yourself as well as respect me? Then why do you act like myself when you get behind the wheel of your car? Can you explain these questions I have. It seems to me that you in explaining yourself contradict what you believe. ALAN: I can see where you can come up with these questions. With the way I was acting I too would question my motives on the road as well as my believing what true patience means. JIM: It is apparent that all you are truly worried about is your self. Why would you care for others as well as other situations that require patience, isn't being first truly what all people want. If not, then why do we look in every car on every freeway and see impatience. Motivation to be first. All they care about is themselves. ALAN: I can see your point. Not only is this situation important for developing patience. I believe that this is only one of the many reasons and meanings of patience. And realizing the other reasons as well brings us to respect of others. JIM: I guess you might be right. What might they be? ALAN: When you were a kid and your father made you wait for something you truly wanted. You went through a lot of pain. Is this right? It wasn't easy. He had good intentions. He knew that someday you would be faced with certain situations where you would put into practice, this lesson of waiting on others. In other words, patience. JIM: When I

Modern Concepts of Marketing in the Hospitality Industry

Modern Concepts of Marketing in the Hospitality Industry Modern concepts of marketing date back to the 18th century. Industrial revolution provided systems and infrastructure that allowed producers to manage the distribution of goods via the expanding mass media. Furthermore, mass production led to separation of goods and consumers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Concepts of Marketing in the Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competition for customers increased in the early 20th century causing greater focus on strategies for communication and advertising to persuade customers in crowded markets. In the 1950s, markets underwent significant saturation, which triggered intense competition for customers and led to the development of modern marketing strategies. The need to adopt diverse marketing strategies in the hospitality industry arose as the industry expanded to incorporate mass tourism, package travel and new concepts on restaurant services, which led to increased competition. Comprehension of consumer needs, identification of market segments and selection of appropriate tool for marketing is crucial in hospitality marketing. Market analysis provides business entities within the hospitality industry with information that facilitates adoption of strategies to attain strategic goals (Powers 28). Properly formulated market analyses provide a clear understanding of the target market and potential competitors. Maximization of the impacts of marketing activities depends on the comprehension of factors that influence consumers to buy a hospitality product (Hsu et al. 65). Marketing strategies that create consumer value and facilitate business entities to retain consumers increase profitability. In the hospitality industry, a company with effective and efficient marketing strategies successfully sustains a cycle of quality products, triggers consumer needs, and guarantees satisfaction.Advertising Looking for essay on bu siness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis of consumer needs should highlight that the marketing strategies in use guides consumers in decision-making and do not pose threats to a company’s reputation. A business entity with proper comprehension of consumer needs can plan effectively on intervention measures that guarantee profitability in both the short-term and long-term (Reid 75). In addition, understanding consumer needs allows a company to target specific groups using hospitality products specifically designed for those groups. Market segments in the hospitality industry are distinct by unique characteristics that depict their role in matters such as price sensitivity and growth opportunities (Hudson 132). Therefore, business entities keen on determining profit potential and mistakes relating to a business venture must analyze individual market segments. Proper evaluation of market segments provi des information on the disparity of primary demand between segments of interest. Companies within the hospitality industry seek marketing tools with great impacts on consumers. An effective marketing tool should pay attention to the needs and preferences of consumers and facilitate high levels of satisfaction. Customization of hospitality products and services is one aspect of paying attention to consumer wants (Knowles et al. 48). A company that makes consumers feel appreciated safeguards profit maximization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Concepts of Marketing in the Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An advertising tool that is affordable to consumers significantly influences marketing activities. Brochures and magazines available to consumers on daily or weekly basis attract attention towards a company. Arguments on the effects of relationships between human resources and practices in the hospitality industry highlight the importance of strategizing on the management of human resource to guarantee quality services and the profitability derived from a hospitality product (Kusluvan 41). Customer satisfaction depends on human resource practices relating to training and communication. Satisfied customers have allegiance to a company and boost marketing activities by engaging in personal marketing. A company that does not address consumer needs increasingly loses its market share to competitors and may eventually have to exit the industry. Hsu, Cathy H. C., and Thomas F. Powers. Marketing hospitality. 3rd ed. New York: J. Wiley, 2002. Print. Hudson, Simon. Tourism and hospitality marketing a global perspective. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2008. Print. Knowles, Tim, Dimitrios Diamantis, and Joudallah Bey Mourhabi. The globalization of  tourism and hospitality: a strategic perspective. London: Continuum, 2001. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kusluvan, Salih. Managing employee attitudes and behaviors in the tourism and  hospitality industry. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003. Print. Powers, Thomas F., and Clayton W. Barrows. Introduction to the hospitality industry. New York: Wiley, 1999. Print. Reid, Robert, and David C. Bojanic. Hospitality marketing management. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2001. Print.

Immigrants and Public Benefits

Immigrants and Public Benefits A public charge is someone who is dependent on the government for long-term care, cash assistance or income maintenance. As an immigrant, you want to avoid becoming a public charge because it is grounds for inadmissibility and deportation. An immigrant who is likely to become a public charge is inadmissible  and ineligible to become a permanent resident of the United States. An immigrant may be deported if he or she becomes a public charge within 5 years of entering the U.S. It is extremely rare for an immigrant to be deported as a public charge. To keep new immigrants from becoming public charges, the U.S. requires that sponsoring relatives or employers sign a contract (the Affidavit of Support) stating that the sponsored immigrant is not likely to become a public charge. The sponsor also acknowledges that an agency that provides any means-tested benefit to the immigrant may require the immigrants sponsor to reimburse the agency for the amount of the provided benefit. How Someone Becomes a Public Charge If an immigrant receives cash assistance for income maintenance from Social Security Income (SSI), the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program or any state or local cash assistance programs for income maintenancecommonly referred to as means-tested benefitsthese could make a non-citizen a public charge. However, in addition to this, you must also meet additional criteria before a public charge can be determined. USCIS says before an alien can be denied admission to the United States or denied adjustment of status to legal permanent resident based on public charge grounds, a number of factors must be considered...including the alien’s age, health, family status, assets, resources, financial status, education, and skills. No single factorother than the lack of an Affidavit of Support, if requiredwill determine whether an alien is a public charge, including past or current receipt of public cash benefits for income maintenance. An immigrant can be deported if he or she becomes a public charge within 5 years of entering the U.S. and has refused an agencys request for reimbursement of a cash benefit for income maintenance or costs of institutionalization for long-term care. However, removal proceedings will not be initiated if the immigrant can show that the benefit received was for an issue that did not exist prior to entry into the U.S. Public charge determination is made on a case-by-case basis and is not an automatic ticket out of the U.S. How to Avoid Becoming a Public Charge The key here is to be careful with cash assistance and any long-term care. Some assistance programs may provide cash benefits, and this is okay as long as the purpose of the cash assistance is not for income maintenance. For example, if you are given cash as a food stamp benefit instead of the normal paper coupons or e-cards, this would not be considered for public charge purposes because the benefit is not intended for income maintenance. In contrast, Medicaid is not subject to public charge consideration, but if it is used for long-term care such as a nursing home or mental health institution, then it would be used as part of the public charge analysis. Safe Public Benefits and Ones to Avoid To avoid becoming a public charge, immigrants should avoid benefits that provide cash assistance for income maintenance or institutionalization for long-term care. The type of benefit you may use without becoming a public charge is dependent on your immigration status. Each program will have its own eligibility qualifications that must be met in order to participate in the program or receive benefits. Eligibility may also differ from state to state. It is important to check your eligibility with each agency. Public Benefits for New Immigrants Applying forPermanent Residence USCIS states that the following benefits may be used without a public charge penalty by  legal immigrants  who have not yet received their  green card: Health Care Benefits  such as emergency Medicaid, the  Children’s Health Insurance Program  (CHIP), prenatal care, or other free or low-cost medical care at clinics, health centers, or other settings (other than long-term care in a nursing home or similar institution)Food Programs  such as WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children), school meals, or other food assistanceNon-Cash Programs  such as public housing, child care, energy assistance, disaster relief, Head Start, or job training or counseling New immigrants should stay away from the following benefits to avoid a public charge determination. USCIS will consider your participation in the following when deciding whether or not to issue a green card: Cash Welfare  such as  Supplemental Security Income  (SSI), cash Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and state and local cash assistance programs for income maintenance (often called state General Assistance)Institutionalization  for long-term care, such as residing in a nursing home or mental health facility at government expense Public Benefits for Green Card Holders Legal permanent residentsgreen card holderswill not lose their status through public charge by using the following provided by USCIS: Health Care Benefits  such as emergency Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), prenatal care, or other free or low-cost medical care at clinics, health centers, or other settings (other than long-term care in a nursing home or similar institution)Food Programs  such as Food Stamps, WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children), school meals, or other food assistanceNon-Cash Programs  such as public housing, child care, energy assistance, disaster relief, Head Start, or job training or counseling*Cash Welfare  such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), cash Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and state and local cash assistance programs for income maintenance (often called state General Assistance)*Institutionalization  for long-term care, such as residing in a nursing home or mental health facility at government expense Take note:  A green card holder who leaves the U.S. for more than 6 months at one time may be asked questions upon re-entry to determine if they are a public charge. At this point, use of cash welfare or long-term care will be carefully considered in deciding admissibility.

Private Search and Seizure and the Fourth Amendment Essay

Private Search and Seizure and the Fourth Amendment - Essay Example This discussion stresses that  the Fourth Amendment applies to police as they are state officers. Nevertheless, the â€Å"automobile exception† allows police to conduct any immediate search on a vehicle without seeking a warrant as it would take a lot of time to find a warrant and the vehicle may have moved away from the jurisdiction. Thus, the supervisor of Mr. Yourprop may direct the police officers to search the vehicle parked in the parking lot as there is probable cause that it may be carrying digital evidence of the company’s intellectual property. As much as the car is currently immobile, it is â€Å"ready to move† and thus subject to the automobile exception. In His interpretation of Chambers v. Maroney, Justice Stevens held that all immediate searches conducted on vehicles by police officers without a warrant were justified and not in violation of the Fourth Amendment as long as the police officers have probable cause to believe that the vehicle in que stion is carrying contraband.From this paper it is clear that  it may be carrying evidence of a criminal offense. This aspect of a reasonable expectation of privacy when it comes to vehicles is diluted by the regulation, use, and configuration of the vehicle. In the case Carroll v. United States, it was held by the Court that the expectation of privacy is lesser in motor vehicles due to their functions in transportation and it rarely serves as an individual’s personal effects’ repository or their residence.

Security Technology Firewalls and VPN Coursework

Security Technology Firewalls and VPN - Coursework Example In my research, i came about Comodo internet security, pc tools firewall plus free edition and zonealarm free firewall that are the best firewalls to be used at present because they are very light, cheap, easy to maintain as some of them like comodo has combined its antivirus program with firewall pro hence free security program for everyone. A virtual private network (VPN) spreads secluded network across a public network, for instance the internet. It makes telecommunication possible, practical and secure (Stewart p. 87). Extranets are said to be border networks quietly similar to DMZ because resources are accessed by outside entities. On the other hand, Stewart (p. 87) adds that an extranet is not open for free usage but by specific sets of people. This, however states that a VPN configuration is necessary to get access to the extranet and therefore with this, extranets are both possible and practical. There might be factors one has to consider for both the internal and external firewalls to allow a remote user to access an internal machine from the internet using Timbuktu as in this case shown above.One should be able to use a router that can handle inbound a well as outbound packet filtering on each interface.You can create a default deny to reject packets,then deny inbound traffic to come f internal address while t outer does not.You can also deny all traffic with invalid addresses as well as all traffic with source routes. Again,deny all ICMP traffic over good size and lastly, reassemble fragments into entire packets. In this network architecture, it is also easy to create a DMZ just between the two firewalls. It will clearly show that the outside world can go through layers therefore easier to hit the DMZ and presumably what is there is at a lower risk. Multiple layers of firewalls are more secure even though it seems to be very difficult

Prohibition of Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Prohibition of Fast Food Essay Nowadays, one of the biggest industries in the whole world today is fast food chains, lots of cities around the world are full of fast food restaurants more than ever. Therefore, a lot of people eat fast food because it’s cheap, especially during this moment of crisis that were facing. So, would it be productive if such food was banned? There are some advantages and disadvantages about banning fast food restaurants because of various reasons. Let’s look into it and see for ourselves if it is really worth the while. On the one hand, if new fast food restaurant openings are banned, I think that it might not have much of an effect. However, it would be more productive for the city to provide incentives for supermarkets in order to make healthy food within reach of local residents. Moreover, almost everybody is aware that these fast food chains serve menus with a high calorie content and, consequently, this causes problems of obesity, heart diseases, diabetes and other heart related issues. On the other hand, as I said previously, a lot of people eat this kind of food because it is cheap or because the lack of time to cook at home that they have. Furthermore, fast food chains are improving their menus by releasing lower calorie food. What we cannot do is to forbid people from going to these places to eat or suddenly prohibit selling this kind of food in the supermarkets. If people want to eat fast food it is up to them, however they should be aware of the problems eating this junk food implies. As a conclusion, I would say that people cannot ban something that is widely accepted and patronized. Maybe a recommendation can be made but still, fast food chains are too much powerful, so it would be impossible to ban them especially when money is a primary concern.

Drama Coursework: Absurdism Freeze Frames We used freeze frames in drama :: Drama

Drama Coursework: Absurdism Freeze Frames We used freeze frames in drama to create many absurd scenarios Drama Coursework: Absurdism =========================== Freeze Frames ------------- We used freeze frames in drama to create many absurd scenarios. We co-ordinated our bodies with other people to create a scene and we held our positions for about 10 seconds. We usually did this whilst we were warming up our bodies; it also helped to see if as a group we could listen to other people and develop their ideas. We had to use our facial expressions to create an atmosphere and sometimes tension. We have used the technique of freezing at a specific point many times in drama this year. In groups, we have often created sketches and frozen our positions. We had to pretend that we were on a train and we had stopped at a platform. Sheldon walked on the train and was bringing his pet elephant on a trip. Sheldon held a leash and was patting the pet on the back. I played one of four passengers; I cringed when they got on the train; as if the elephant smelt. The others did mostly the same but were moving out of the way for the elephant whilst holding their noses. My group for this sketch was: Stephen, Sheldon, Helen and myself. It was a very strange image to comprehend, but that is what abusrdism is all about. The use of freeze frames in general helps me to appreciate that every scene counts. Every aspect of the play is important, not just the important ones. It helps me to just have a little pause in time and think about what we are doing. Sometimes with freeze frames you can use thought tracking. This is a pause in time and helps the audience keep track of what goes on inside the actor’s/actresses head. When it is used in absurdism, it helps me to stop and look around me. I’m thinking, â€Å"This is very weird† and â€Å"what’s happening here†. Freeze frames help to create an atmosphere. It creates tension and other emotions. Mime: There are two types of mime:  · Acting without dialogue or sound. But relying on action, facial expressions and body expressions.  · Acting with sound and dialogue but without the use of props. We used mime with no sound to a rhythm. We did every day chores, like putting your books in your bag or looking for your house key to four different actions or positions. Just like this:  · Picture 1: I bent down and with both hands push the draw closed. I showed that the draw was stiff by clenching my teeth as I pushed.

Issues Surrounding Deviant Behavior of Police Officers

Different attributes of police culture are developed and sustained in the course of selecting, training and accepting police officers into the different ranks where they fit. By passing through the rigorous recruitment and training process, the police are subjected to a group or organization in which they are expected to portray a sense of admirable assimilation of culture (Stoddard, 1968; Barker, 1978; Williams, 1984; Atkinson & Housley, 2003). However, this is not usually the case.According to Barker (1978), a considerable amount of research findings shows that that there has been a chronicled increase in cases of police officers becoming isolated and therefore adopting deviant behavior. This form of isolation has been perceived to be meant to protect the police in their assignments, some of which involve dangerous undertakings such as dealing in drugs cases, protecting victims of harassment and so forth (Stoddard, 1968; Barker, 1978; Atkinson & Garcia, 2005).The element of danger in activities that the police partake in develops a tendency of the police to be suspicious. The suspicion is raised by the fact that the police officers become wary of possible crime instances and develop general suspicion towards everyone (Atkinson & Housley, 2003). This behavior leads the police officers to alienate themselves from friends, the community, the legal system an even from their spouses and families (Garcia, 2005). But the continued isolation results in the police officers having the potential to engage in deviant behavior (Stoddard, 1968; Barker, 1978).According to Williams (1984), deviance is not an attribute of the act committed by a person; rather, it is the consequence of the rules and sanctions applied to others by an offender (Stoddard, 1968; Garcia, 2005). Thus a deviant person is one to whom the label of deviance has successfully been applied. When various definitions of deviance apply to specific firms of criminal laws, it easy for sociologists to neglect th e aspect of behavior (Atkinson & Housley, 2003). Therefore, acts of deviance by the police officers in many aspects of their delivery of service may be ignored (Atkinson & Housley, 2003).Along the line legal affairs, courts, the legislature and the citizens also affect the behavior of police officers. Police officers are liable for questioning from the legislature, the courts and the citizenry in the process of handling various types of crimes and administering laws (Garcia, 2005). There have been wide concerns that the manner in which police officers handle different cases affects the outcome of various proceedings a great deal (Paoline, 2001; Atkinson & Housley, 2003).Of great concern is that if police officers portray any from of bias in handling legal issues, this results in a wide variance in the way in which laws are administered (Paoline, 2001; Atkinson & Housley, 2003). Since the 1970s, various authors such as Barker (1978) and Stoddard (1968) have highlighted the fact that there is a proliferation of police cynicism. A review of other literature works done by other authors such as Paoline (2001) and Atkinson and Garcia (2005) shows that there is a correlation between deviant behavior among a majority of police officers and the contours of the anomie theory.Thus, it is not surprising that police may exhibit deviance in handling cases involving alcohol and general drug abuse; they may be involved in sexual misconduct as well portraying acts of laxity in responding to cases that involve sexual violence- because for one, they may be the culprits in the cases (Paoline, 2001; Atkinson & Housley, 2003; Barker, 1978; Stoddard, 1968). Police deviance and ethics There are many issues surrounding the work of police officers. The tasks that the officers engage in during in their day-to-day operations are of a slippery nature.This is highlighted by the fact that there is a potential for progressive deterioration of social and moral inhibitions and the perceived se nse of acceptability of engaging in deviant conduct (Paoline, 2001; Atkinson & Housley, 2003). Police officers are involved in a variety of undercover activities that may involve putting up with false identities as well as inducing crime. (Paoline, 2001; Atkinson & Housley, 2003). In this context, it is possible for police officers to be involve in criminal activities since they may use their hidden identity to mastermind criminal acts.This is why Paoline (2001) suggests that there have been many instances where the police have been involved in inducing crime rather than reducing it. There are many other issues surrounding the work that police officers do. Paoline (2001) also notes that police are allowed to make false promises in order to bust criminal activities. But this freedom makes subjects civilians to instances that may be dehumanizing because of the way in which the police portray deviance.Police officers also find themselves handling sensitive court cases in which they are able to manipulate evidence and earn a lot of money from those involved (Atkinson & Housley, 2003). Paoline (2001) has noted that there are many cases where police officers strain truth that could be use as evidence in a suit in order to protect their friends and or relatives. In pursuit of truth in cases involving alcohol and drugs, Atkinson and Housley (2003) have noted that police do invade the strategic drug locations but may cause more losses than the amount that would be recovered by colluding with the drug dealers.Along this line, what is more perturbing is the way in which some police officers handle the offenders in drugs cases (Atkinson & Housley, 2003). For instance, the police department is a system that condemns dealing min drugs, but it is common to find police officers involved in drug trafficking because of the perverted institutional framework (Atkinson & Housley, 2003). It is also common for place officer to condemn civilians who deal in drugs and contraband, but is amazing how the same department condones officers who deal in drugs. Issues surrounding deviance and the impact of deviant behaviorAlthough deviance by police officers is inculcated due to their isolation from many members of the society, it is vice that also relates to other vices such as corruption, misconduct and favoritism. All these terms are characterized by friction between vices and virtues (Paline, 2001; Atkinson & Housley, 2003). Deviance per se is a kind of behavior that is incompatible with norms, ethics and values (Ben-Yehuda, 1990). On the other hand corruption is a forbidden act that involves inappropriate use of office for gain (Ben-Yehuda, 1990).Deviance and corruption are both epitomes of misconduct since misconduct is any kind of violation of laid out procedures in various departments (Ben-Yehuda, 1990). Yet, closely related to deviance is favoritism, which is characterized by unfair breaks from of procedures in order to please friends and relatives or to accom modate their interests (Ben-Yehuda, 1990). It is not surprising therefore, that even favoritism is one of the characteristics of deviance as exhibited by police officers. Drinking and use of drugs while on duty or off dutyIt is commonplace for police officers to be engaged in drinking of alcohol or use of other drugs while on duty and even when they off duty (Ben-Yehuda, 1990). This is augmented by the fact that most duties at the stations involve interviews with victims, which give the police a chance to solicit for drugs or alcohol (Ben-Yehuda, 1990). Disposal of contraband drugs is one of the major sources of the drugs used by police officers in that instead of disposing the drugs, some of the police officers keep the drugs for their own use (Ben-Yehuda, 1990).The drugs are taken as a means to reduce stress, to get high, or develop an alienation from the job (Barker, 1978). But obviously, this has far-reaching consequences such as low productivity and consequently, proliferation of crime (Barker, 1978). Away from the duty station, some officers engage in drinking and use of drugs as a form of recreation but this in most cases emanates from corrupt deals (Stoddard, 1968; Barker, 1978). This is because the officers obtain the drugs from rip-offs from victims and perpetrators of crime (Stoddard, 1968; Barker, 1978).This in effect sets a bad example to the public domain in regard to the behavior of the police. The effect of alcohol use among police officers is evident in the slow process in which cases are handled, poor processing of documents, and so forth because it affects mental judgment (Stoddard, 1968). According to Barker (1978) and Stoddard (1968), police officers have a tendency to mix drugs and illicit drugs because of the wide sub cultural support for alcohol and alcoholism, hence the drug abusers cover up the drug deal with alcoholism.According to Atkinson (2003), the problem of police officers engaging in use of drugs becomes more intriguing when p olice partake in the drug syndicate as dealers or sellers. It is common to hear of stories of police officers supplying drugs in rock concerts (Atkinson, 2003). The situation is undoubtedly caused by the police officers’ greed for monetary gain (Atkinson, 2003). Nevertheless, some police officers have been on record suggesting that they supply drugs in the concerts as an undercover operation to identify the drug’s users (Atkinson, 2003).In spite of such an excuse, it is obvious that the officers use gatherings to make quick money from drugs (Atkinson, 2003). The trend of police involvement in drug syndicates has been widespread in many states of the United States. But the police seem to be comfortable with the status quo. Police Officer Associations in many regions save for a few places like Hawaii have opposed suggestions to carry out random drug testing (Atkinson, 2003).In particular, the associations oppose suggestions to perform drug tests on police officers who ar e involved in shooting incidents, as doing so immediately after the shooting event tends to taint the image of the police officer (Atkinson, 2003). The irony is that the same groups of police officers support stiff punishment for any persons involved in dealings that involve illicit drugs. This partisan stance by police depicts a point that they are not ready discard totally get rid of deviant acts. Cases of sexual misconduct and violenceAccording to many police sources, the police usually come in contacts with many cases that are sexually- arousing (Atkinson, 2003). Thus it commonplace for police to be in touch with promiscuous women (Atkinson, 2003). This causes the police to develop ties after some time. In addition, a significant number of women who get attracted to police uniform because they guaranteed of security when they are with the police (Atkinson, 2003). These women commonly wave at the police, and wait for them at stopovers where they hold meetings and even have sex wi th them.The police do this in spite of them being aware that such acts amount to deviance (Stoddard, 1968). There are situations such as that in which police officers take advantage of the vulnerability of women and use it to extend their deviance (Kraska & Kappeler, 1995). One is at traffic stops in which the officers get closer looks at the women and note further information about them (Stoddard, 1968). The impact of this is that such women become vulnerable and easily give in to the officers’ demands when they meet subsequent times.Secondly, police officers do fox hunting in which they target college girls and make sexual demands, threatening the girls with arrest if they are not wiling to give in (Kraska & Kappeler, 1995). Thirdly, the police also practice voyeurism in which they peep through windows to see naked women under they pretext that they are on security patrols (Stoddard, 1968). Other instances of sexual misconduct involve police officers making forceful victim recontacts in which they always ensure that they remain with the contacts of the female victims of crime who require psychological help (Kraska & Kappeler, 1995).Using the excuse of consoling the victims, many police officers usually end up harassing the women. Some police officers go further to touch the inmates of the opposite sex during routine searches or even worse, have sex with them. (Stoddard, 1968). In other cases, male police officers have been noted to let prostitutes go free if they have sex with them. The deviant behavior of police officers is further portrayed by the point that some officers get involved in rape (Kraska & Kappeler, 1995).Many rogue officers have been known to coerce women into having sex or raping victims who come to report other crimes. Some officers even perform ‘second rapes’ to victims of rape. The case in San Francisco in 1985 where a police recruit was handcuffed on a chair and a prostitute brought to perform oral sex on him is a sta rk indicator that some police officers are hostile towards each other (Kraska & Kappeler, 1995). The effects of sexual harassment have been grave, including mental torture and psychological trauma. Police brutalityIn spite of the fact that police officers usually undergo training to gain skills of handling the public, they seem to forget them once they are deployed, perhaps due the effect of too much isolation. Hence, they commonly exhibit use of excessive force while handling perpetrators of crime, and are fond of name-calling, ridicule, sarcasm and disrespect. Some of the instances in which brutality is exhibited by the police include use of obscene language, random and forceful searches, us of physical force approaching offenders with pistols.Conclusion In spite of the training that police officers usually undergo, it is apparent that isolation from other people inculcates in them some behavior that is unbecoming. The deviant behavior is shown when he police engage in drug abuse, get involved in sexual violence and other forms of unpleasant behavior. Deviance is characterized by behavior that is incompatible with norms, ethics and values and leads to the public’s loss of confidence in the police. Worse still, victims of police torture suffer a lot of trauma. References Atkinson, P & Housley, W. (2003). Interactionism: An Essay in Sociological AmnesiaLondon: SAGE Barker, T. (1978). An Empirical Study of Police Deviance Other Than Corruption. Journal of Police Science and Administration 6(3): 258-72 Ben-Yehuda, N. (1990). The Politics and Morality of Deviance: Moral Panics, Drug Abuse, Deviant Science, and Reversed Stigmatization. New York: SUNY Press Garcia V. (2005). Constructing the ‘other' within police culture: an analysis of a deviant unit within the police organization. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 6 (1):Â   78 – 80 Kraska P. B. & Kappeler V. E.(1995). To serve and pursue exploring police sexual violence against women. Justice Quarterly, 12(1):Â   85 – 111 Paoline, E A. (2001). Rethinking Police Culture: Officers' Occupational Attitudes. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing Stoddard, E. (1968). The Informal Code of Police Deviancy: A Group Approach to Blue-Coat Crime. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 59: 210-13. Williams, G.H. (1984). The Law and Politics of Police Discretion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press

Relationship between SAT Scores and Family Income Essay

What is the Relationship between SAT Scores and Family Income of the Test Takers around the World? Introduction The SAT examination is mostly in today’s world of academics, a requirement of getting accepted into collage. Not only is it enough to take the examination but the student has to pass with an average score or above to even have his/her application be considered. Many students around the world recognize this and therefore apply to prep schools for the SAT or their parents send them to a higher educational institution for that purpose. The prep schools such as Princeton are not cheap however as it helps give advice on how to best tackle the SAT examination, neither are higher educational institutions. Also it can be considered a luxury service by some middle class and low class societies in the world to be able to attend either one. This being said, the SAT prep course and higher educational institutions are, as a result, aimed at the high class societies in the world or those who can afford it. If this is true, it would put families with a higher income at an advantage for their children to get accepted into collage compared to families who cannot afford for their children to take the course or school fee and learn the advice of how to pass the SAT examination with a high score. Are the collages which students aim to be accepted into for a better education really based on which families can afford for their children to take the SAT prep course or learn at a higher educational institution? The data collected from Collage Board in year 2007 was analyzed to determine whether there is a relationship between SAT scores and family income of the test takers around the world (Rampell). Statement of Task The main purpose of this investigation is to determine whether there is a relationship between SAT scores and family income of the test takers around the world. The type of data that will be collected is the SAT scores and family income of the two-thirds of test takers who voluntarily reported it to collage board when signing up for the SAT examination worldwide. The SAT scores are used to determine how high of a score the test taker got and family income to determine the possibility to send their children to SAT prep schools or better educational institutions. The data used to generate the data breaks down the average score for ten different income groups of $20,000 range. Plan of investigation I am investigating the relationship of SAT scores and family income of the test takers around the world. I have collected data on SAT scores and family income of the test takers around the world. With the collection of data that I have acquired, a number of mathematical processes were used to analyze the data: a scatter plot of the data, calculation of the least squares regression line and correlation coefficient. I am going to do a χ2 test on the data to show the dependence of SAT scores and family income of the test takers around the world. Mathematical Investigation Collected Data Family income of test takers| Percentage of test takers within each family income group| Critical reading| Math| Writing| ∑| Less than $10,000| 4%| 427| 451| 423| 1301| $10,000–$20,000| 8%| 453| 472| 446| 1371| $20,000–$30,000| 6%| 454| 465| 444| 1363| $30,000–$40,000| 9%| 476| 485| 466| 1427| $40,000–$50,000| 8%| 489| 496| 477| 1462| $50,000–$60,000| 8%| 497| 504| 486| 1487| $60,000–$70,000| 8%| 504| 511| 493| 1508| $70,000–$80,000| 9%| 508| 516| 498| 1522| $80,000–$100,000| 14%| 520| 529| 510| 1559| Table 1: Mean SAT scores per section categorized in family income of test taker in 2007 More than $100,000| 26%| 544| 556| 537| 1637| This bottom row, the â€Å"More than $100,000† I am going to consider as an outlier therefore excluded in all calculations as it goes from $100,000 up to the millions of dollar of income which is too wide of a range to include into the calculations of this assessment. Graph 1 shows the average SAT score Vs. family income of test taker. As of now, there seems to be very strong positive correlation. It does appear that the SAT scores improve as the family income increases. (Graph was generated through Microsoft Excel) Calculation of the Least Squares Regression The Least Square regression identifies the relationship between the independent variable, x, and the dependent variable, y. It is given by the following formula: y-y= SxySx2 (x-x) where Sxy= xyn- xy and Sx2=x2n-x2 Table 2: Values of Least Squares Regression x| y| xy| x2| 15000| 1301| 19515000| 225000000| 25000| 1371| 34275000| 625000000| 35000| 1363| 47705000| 1225000000| 45000| 1427| 64215000| 2025000000| 55000| 1462| 80410000| 3025000000| 65000| 1487| 96655000| 4225000000| 75000| 1508| 113100000| 5625000000| 85000| 1522| 129370000| 7225000000| 95000| 1559| 148105000| 9025000000| ∑ = 495000| ∑ = 13000| ∑ = 733350000| ∑ = 33225000000| x = 55000| y = 1444.44| xy = 79444444.44| x2 = 3691666667| These are the calculated values used in finding the Least Squares Regression Sxy= xyn- xy Sxy= 7333500009- 79444444.44 Sxy= 2038888.893 Sx=x2n-x2 Sx=332250000009-3025000000 Sx=25819.88897 y-y= SxySx2 (x-x) y-1444.44444= 2038888.893(25819.88897)2 (x-55000) y= 0.0030583333x+1276.231666 Calculation of Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient indicates the strength of the relationship between the two variables (SAT scores and family income of test taker). It is given by the following formula: r= SxySxSy where Sx= x-x2n, Sy = y-y2n and Sxy is the covariance xyn- xy. Table 3: Values of Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient x| y| x-x2| y-y2| 15000| 1301| 1600000000| 20576.30864| 25000| 1371| 900000000| 5394.08642| 35000| 1363| 400000000| 6633.197531| 45000| 1427| 100000000| 304.308642| 55000| 1462| 0| 308.1975309| 65000| 1487| 100000000| 1810.975309| 75000| 1508| 400000000| 4039.308642| 85000| 1522| 900000000| 6014.864198| 95000| 1559| 1600000000| 13122.97531| ∑ = 495000| ∑ = 13000| ∑ = 6000000000| ∑ = 58204.22222| x = 55000| y = 1444.44| | | These are the calculated values used in finding the Correlation Coefficient. Sx= 25819.88897 Sy = 58204.222229 Sy = 80.4185041 r= 2038888.893(25819.88897)(80.4185041) r=0.9819360378 r2=0.9642983824 The calculation r2=0.9642983824 suggests that the strength of the association of the data is very strong since 0.90 < r2 < 1. I compared this value of r2 with the standard table of coefficient of determinations which places it in the â€Å"very strong† category (Whiffen). r2=0.9642983824 y= 0.0030583333x+1276.231666 Graph 2 indicates that there is a strong positive linear correlation. This is also indicated through the value of correlation coefficient, 0.96.(the graph was generated through Microsoft Excel ) Calculation of a χ2 test The χ2 test is used to measure whether two classifications or factors from the same sample are independent of each other – if the occurrence of one of them does not affect the occurrence of the other. χ2= fo-fe2fe Observed Values: | B1| B2| Total| A1| A| B| A+B| A2| C| D| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Calculations of Expected Values: | B1| B2| Total| A1| A+B(A+C)N| A+B(B+D)N| A+B| A2| A+C(C+D)N| B+D(C+D)N| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Degrees of freedom measure the number of values in the final calculation that are free to vary: Df=rows-1(columns-1) Null (H0) Hypothesis: SAT scores and family income are independent from each other. Alternative (H1) Hypothesis: SAT scores and family income are dependent from each other. Table 4: Observation Values Score| Income($)| 1300-1430| 1431-1561| Total| 15000 – 55000| 4| 1| 5| 56000 – 96000| -| 4| 4| Total| 4| 5| 9| Table 2 shows the observed values for SAT score Vs. family income. The data pieces have been put into ranges that represent the income of the families of the test takers. Table 5: Calculations for the Expected Values Score| Income($)| 1300-1430| 1300-1430| Total| 15000 – 55000| 4+1(4+0)9| 4+1(1+4)9| 4+1| 56000 – 96000| 4+0(0+4)9| 1+4(0+4)9| 0+4| Total| 4+0| 1+4| 9| Table 3 shows the individual calculations for each of the expected values. Table 6: Expected Values Score| Income($)| 1300-1430| 1300-1430| Total| 15000 – 55000| 2.22222| 2.77777| 5| 56000 – 96000| 1.77777| 2.22222| 4| Total| 4| 5| 9| Table 6 shows the expected values retrieved by the calculations in table 4 χ2= fo-fe2fe χ2= 4-2.2222222.22222+1-2.7777722.77777+0-1.7777721.77777+4-2.2222222.22222 χ2=5.759995408 Df=rows-1(columns-1) Df=2-1(2-1) Df=1 The χ2 critical value at 5% significance with 1 degree of freedom is 3.841. As the χ2 value is greater than the critical value, 5.760>3.841, the null hypothesis is rejected and SAT score is assumed dependent from family income. Discussion/Validity Limitations Throughout the investigation between the correlation of SAT scores and family income, various limitations may have affected the outcome of the results. One limitation of the data collected could be that it only reflects on the people who filled in the family income section before signing up for the SAT. There is no evidence that the data reflects everyone who has taken the SAT score as there may be people who did not fill that section. Another limitation could be that not everyone in the world decide to take the SAT, people who cannot afford it or take alternative tests are being neglected. Also the data does not confirm of how many SAT takers are being considered. The data can be proved insufficient and inaccurate for those reasons. There is also a limitation in the data as it states income of â€Å"$100,000 and above†. That could mean that the data goes on unto family incomes of millions which is not proportionate to the other ranges of family income given. Due to this however, that piece of data was left out in the calculations. Continuing, there might be a limitation to the recording of the data itself as SAT takers are to take a survey where they mention family income when signing up for SAT. This might cause a problem as many SAT takers, mostly in ages 15-17, do not know the actual income of their family therefore wrong data may be entered. Then there could be a limitation to the data due to culture and race. The data does not mention culture and race which might affect the data as there might have been more American surveys who mentioned family income compared to Asian who answered the survey. Another limitation is that the table of expected values in the χ2 test has all values less than 5 which reduces its validity.   Adding on to that, there might be a limitation to the amount of data that was collected as 9 pieces of data may not prove to be sufficient enough to reflect the correlation between SAT scores and family income in a world perspective. Lastly, there may be many other factors taking place when considering the correlation between SAT scores and family income such as reasons for having a high family income and IQ of SAT test takers. Conclusion Despite of the previously mentioned limitations, the found χ2 value, 5.760, rejects the null hypothesis that SAT scores are independent from family income and accepts the alternative hypothesis that SAT scores are dependent from family income. Furthermore, the investigation clearly shows that there is a strong and positive correlation between SAT score and family income as it can be an assumed dependence from each other. Work Cited Rampell, Catherine. â€Å"SAT Scores and Family Income – NYTimes.com.† The Economy and the Economics of Everyday Life – Economix Blog – NYTimes.com. 28 Aug. 2009. Web. 01 Nov. 2010.. Downey, Joel. â€Å"SAT Scores Rise with Family Income.† Cleveland OH Local News, Breaking News, Sports & Weather – Cleveland.com. 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 01 Nov. 2010.. Whiffen, Glen, John Owen, Robert Haese, Sandra Haese, and Mark Bruce. â€Å"Two Variable Statistics.† Mathematics for the International Student: Mathematical Studies SL. By Mal Coad. [S.l.]: Haese And Harris Pub, 2010. 581-82. Print.

How to Write a Research Paper on White Collar Crime

How to Write a Research Paper on White Collar Crime To write an excellent research paper on a given topic with the aim of achieving the highest possible score, one must first understand the meaning of the word research, what it entails and the responsibilities it brings to the researcher. The word research like most English words was derived from the French word recherchà © which means to seek closely. Therefore, a research paper on white collar crimes involves seeking closely or investigating a topic on corporate crime to answer the questions asked authoritatively. Now, there are some basic steps you need to be aware of before acting upon these steps provide you with the knowledge of how to start your investigation, create a structure for your research paper and convincingly state your case on paper. So here are the five timely steps to guide you when writing a research paper on white collar crime. Choose a Topic That Inspires You There are diverse subject matters one can explore on white collar crime but some subject matters would definitely resonate with you more than others. This could be due to your personal experiences or were your interests lie but whichever is the case, the tip here is to choose a topic on white collar crime that intrigues you. Conduct a Thorough Investigation Once your topic has been chosen it will either task you on answering a question on white collar crime or your position on certain issues on corporate crime, gender, sentencing and its effect on society. Whichever it is, the responsibility to fully understand your topic and make a convincing argument rests on you. Therefore, your investigations must be centered around reputable sources which will lend credence to your work. The tip here is to center your research on the FBI official website, reputable news sources from certain US locations and platforms with urls ending in gov and edu. These are platforms tasked with recording crime statistics, facts as well as including opinion pieces on the topic of white collar crime. Start Writing Your Research Paper Now that you have chosen a topic, acquired the knowledge needed to develop and argue your standings on white collar crime, the next step is developing a structure that you will follow to clearly put your thoughts on paper. So here is a template you should consider using. Introduction: your research paper must include an Introduction that tells your audience what the topic is about, the themes to be employed, why you are writing on the topic and how you intend to proceed in developing the topic. Body: here is where you state your case using facts and statistics to clearly make your point while answering the questions posed by your topic. The body of your research paper must show your understanding of the topic and your ability to resolve difficult issues in a coherent way. This is the most important part of a research paper and is definitely responsible for the grade you receive. Make a Conclusion Here you conclude your paper on white collar crime by restating your topic, summarizing the points made and the importance of discussing the issues involved with white collar crime. You must write well: a well written paper speaks volumes about your understanding of the English language and your ability to accurately use the language. A creatively structured paper will earn you more marks than simply jumbling facts together. So these are our steps that if followed will definitely earn you the maximum marks you desire for the effort you put in. If you need some example material, you can always check our 10 facts on white collar crime for a research paper and 20 topics for a superb essay. Lastly, always endeavor to keep writing because with practice comes perfection.

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Cause and effect - Essay Example It is often said that people find religion in their deepest and darkest hour, but it is true that just as many people seem to â€Å"slip through the cracks.† Some examples of stressful times in people’s lives are divorce, illness, or the loss of a loved one. There is a small percentage of the population who take drugs for sport performance; however, the vast majority of those who begin taking drugs do so in order to escape whatever problems are facing them in their everyday lives. Everyone experiences hurt, whether physical or emotional, and drugs are a way out to bring relief to the pain that is being felt. A large percentage of people have no intention of becoming regular users; they think that drugs can be used as a short term option in order to relief immediate stress. What many people fail to take into account is that almost every drug is highly addictive. Drugs contain extremely tempting substances such as nicotine that can cause a user to feel dependent on a cert ain drug. This then develops into long term use because the user builds a dependency on that particular drug. Another cause of drug use is peer pressure. This is a cause that is often overlooked because many people do not know how to handle a situation where a close friend is asking them to do something. Human nature causes us to want to fit it, so we inevitably go along with what the group says. Even if someone gives up taking drugs, there will be both short and long term effects that may or may not be able to be reversed. One of the main organs than can be affected by drug use is the heart. Another organ that can be damaged due to drugs is the lungs. Cancer can form in the lungs and may spread to the rest of the body. Depending on the severity of the cancer, it may even cause the loss of someone’s life. Aside from these effects, which are mostly physical, there are other consequences that are over overlooked. Drug use can result in poor performance at work, affect

SWOT Analysis Psion PLC Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

SWOT Analysis Psion PLC - Case Study Example Psion is estimated to be the third largest supplier in its chosen markets on a global basis. In certain territories such as France and specific market sectors, for example, ports, the Group has the leading position. The principal activities of the Group are providing mobile enterprise computing solutions, integration services and product support and maintenance to customers worldwide. The company has leading expertise in engineering, integration and ergonomics and design and delivers these high quality and rugged mobile computers to best-in-class standards. The Group provides enterprise solutions for the mobile work forces of larger corporations. Solutions require the implementation of complete systems including robust mobile computers, wireless networks, and automatic data recognition equipment and integration software. Psion produces mobile computing solutions, which delivers real-time access to enterprise data at the point of activity to improve business efficiency and productivit y for leading enterprise around the world. Company has leading expertise in rugged hardware, integration, service and support. Strength: Psion has particular strengths in two major sectors: managing logistics in factories, warehouses and ports with local area networks; managing information for dispersed field forces over wide area networks. Core value to it's customers resides in the ruggedness and reliability of Psion products in often demanding environments, in the specialized knowledge of customer requirements and in the ability to supply, service and support its customers globally, is the main stay of the company in the global market. Company's strength includes Innovation in technology and in its products will continue for many years as a driver of productivity growth for customers. Company has leading expertise in rugged hardware, integration, service and support. Company's aim to leverage its reputation and brand to develop strong business relationships based on the quality of its offering, and proven ability to address customers' operational and logistics challenges, while delivering a strong return on investment for their businesses. The Group is in a good strategic position and has a strong management team that is well placed to target long-term growth with satisfactory returns to shareholders. The Group's range of hand held and vehicle mounted computers and wireless access points are designed for particular markets and applications are the main products and its main strengths. The principal design criteria include functionality; ruggedness and cost effectiveness has been the strengths of Psion. . Products are updated or replaced periodically, typically every 3-4 years. However, a customer may continue to use a device for many years and the Group provides maintenance programmes to continue the life of the product in use for as long as practicable. High volume terminals are designed to be highly configurable through the use of modular components or customizable where the terminal may have parts specifically incorporated solely for a particular customer. Company's ability to p rovide customers with a complete and distinct solution through hardware customization and the inclusion of third party products is one of the factors, which distinguishes it from its competitors and remains its strengths. Most field-based