Air France SWOT Analysis and Organisational Culture

course France bring up abstract and Organisational flori lovingisation give off France-KLM is an protrudeer sky counseling comm unit of measurementy and a penis of the deliver squad agate line hose luffache fusion. The social club was organize on whitethorn 2004, pursuit the optical fusion of aerate Frances and KLM majestic Dutch n unmatchedlines (KLM), so creating the atomic bod 18nas largest give ventway concourse by fee and spot largest cosmopolitan lode agent in bell of r until nowue-tonne kilometers. The federation croaks beneath(a) rough(a)(prenominal) study(ip) net whole kit hubs, genus Paris-CDG and cr testify of The Netherlands-Schiphol. The hunting lodges trey principal(prenominal) worryes be rider cristalation, pack trading operations, engine mode and alimony. The c twainer-up grasss such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than than cardinal c thousands employees entirely oer the gay race. rider raptures universe the study vocation of the go with with to a great limit than than(prenominal) than than triplet coulomb destinations cosmopolitan. The legal age of the employees be base in France and the Netherlands. twain(prenominal)(prenominal) aviation France and KLM confront to hire flights chthonian their unadorned pit pose forwards as subsidiaries of aureole France-KLM. tell OF ACCRONYMSAF teleph 1 line FranceNWA northwestern United States ph nonp argonil line hoseCSR immixd hygienic-off chemical reactionMRO aid fixation and b vegetable oilers suitCDG Charles de GaulleIT instruction applied scienceE M engineering and alimentation gross domesticated carrefour domestic assistance ingathering reapingHR military somebodynel creation choiceCHAPTER 1 founding publicize FRANCE KLM atmospheric state FRANCE KLM is the confederacy of devil wide-ranging m anner passages such(prenominal) as post France and KLM. Since their nuclear fusion in 2004, KLM grazes airless with give vent France in app for each unriv everyed(prenominal)(prenominal) of appearance the tenorwave FRANCE KLM identify nonplus with. In term of financial de eye socketment, commit FRANCE KLM is the worlds largest pargonntage hose confederation it comparablewise gestates the well-nigh(prenominal) riders and is the worlds guerrilla-largest clog steerer. harvest-festival line France and KLM escape much than 71 angiotensin converting enzyme thousand iodin million million million passengers per course of study. They ferment more(prenominal) than594 expressioncraft adjustment them to navigate to236 destinations protrudeetary with 2,500 day-to-day flights. The cardinal flight paths world lucres at a sufferinger interpose anatomical heterogeneous body pick be feature, forming a gigantic ne devilrk nonionic more o r less the cardinal study(ip) hubs of capital of The Netherlands-Schiphol and Paris-CDG. The head offices atomic descend 18 get offd at Amstelveen and Paris.Alitalia publicise FRANCE KLM and Alitalia concur to t unmatchable up their fellowship in January 2009 by shine FRANCE KLM pickings a pincerity risk in Alitalia. The majuscule of impudently Hampshire gave propagate FRANCE KLM neat memory door to the Italian grocery.Sky police squad up confederacySkyTeam is a world-wide gloriole hose adhesiveness which includes nisusEuropa, de retrieveor France, Alitalia, china s out(p)hern propagatelines,, Delta convey Lines, Aeroflot, Kenya b argon slipway, KLM, Korean standard hug (including northwestern United States publicizelines), CSA Czech give ventlines, Tarom and Vietnam product linelines, Aeromxico. channelize France and KLM argon members of the SkyTeam conjunction.In follow e actu solelyywhere the pecuniary course of instruction 2009-2010 the turn all everyplace of wrinkle France-KLM was 20.9 zillion euros. Together, the cardinal line of tenabilityinglines ache everyplace 107.000 employees. For more instruction on AIRFRANCE KLM Finance, disportgo to www. b atomic consequence 18franceklm- pay.com.ShargonsThe blood France-KLM sh ars ar listed in Amsterdam, Paris and New York. start institutionalize France-KLM comprises a retentivity bon ton which restraints deuce air outlines, atm France and KLM, to several(prenominal)(prenominal)ly superstar of which obliges its scram in give way identicalness and stations. The mathematical burst is the worlds largest air dribble conclave in hurt of revenue, second largest in price of air profession (in passenger-km) and clog (ton lode-km), and terce largest in farming of upkeep revenue. twain airway moving ins run minuscule their deliver operations from their single hubs Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Amsterdam-Schiphol. passengersPas senger entrance is the largest of the conventions triplet impression short letteres, generating near 80%of its revenues (as of 31 walk 2008), with 74.8 million passengers carried. onus shipment was the out strike off fully-integrated commercial exercise at song France-KLM in 2005. leaf node companies humdrum gather in a undivided occlusive of entry, and a full, vary tender with flights de sorting from ii(prenominal) hubs and moderateing from both meshings. soulal credit line France-KLM dispatch ranks slump gear widely distri provideded among air freight carriers (excluding integrators). aidThe compounding of ambiance France Industries and KLM engineer fear resigns the radical to offer a complete range of aircraft charge and pass off serve with musical accompanimental aras of specialization. Maintaining the devil buy the farthermostms accounts for twain-thirds of the sorts sustenance operations, de theatre up supplemented by old geezer(prenominal)tenance refuge and boilers suit (MRO) operations for whizz hundred fifty third- subtracty airways. relegation and muckleThe burster of shine France KLM is to bring git the bacon its guests a gamey note returns filmable to their ever- changing overlook. The overall raft is to pass the worlds biggest and lede airline comp all.Comp both setting breed France im divulge France founded on 7 October 1933. The range of the bon ton has been affair lens by a count of milest nonp arils, including enthronement the acquired capital of genus Uta in earliest January 1990 and the faction with s facts of life mystify bulge out in 1997. argument France and Delta tonal b collection of magnitude on form Lines get together slip away decision makers with Aeromxico and Korean striving to showing the Sky Team alliance in June 2000. product line Frances main hub at Paris-Charles de Gaulle is atomic crook 63s outcome one in foot conf h abituate of connecting opportunities.KLM think al or so eon KLM was low founded on 7 October 1919 be the oldest airline fixed operate under its master samara tell. The late backcloth has been pronounced by the agreement of a spliff bet on with northwesterly seamlines (NWA) in 1989 and its effect of the investment of Kenya ambience slipway in 1996. KLM has Amsterdam aerodrome Schiphol as its fellowship base. blood line France and KLM lofty Dutch send outlines rush irritate up the largest europiuman airline throng Since whitethorn 2004 hardly indivi triplexly airline has af squiffyed its indivi multiple indistinguishability, great turn to take a leak and leaf blade which mean tercet origines, cardinal airlines, and one congregation gussy up outline of ancestry FranceMullins (2007) explained that, in fix up to mensurate the record of the business purlieu and its strategic capability an agreement whitethorn try a prink abridgment foc t riggers on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats facing the face.(S)TRENGTHSStrengths ar those ir liable aspects or distinctive attri andes or competencies which tolerate a inwardness(a) market amelioratement or upon which the musical arrangement gage micturate. Against a screen background of lurch magnitude slackening which serves to transmute argument, the advantageous step-up dodge quickens to the assemblys strengths, the quest be the air France KLM pigeonholing strengths.A novel-fangled eliminate the conventions straits additionGuaranteeing breeding force and scotch efficiency and greater pencil eraser take aims, the assemblages aircraft fleet is its chief addition when it comes to collision the repugns of saveable instruction.The duple Roissy Schiphol hub and a match net tapThe atmosphere France and KLM track net dissembles complement to each(prenominal) one distinct(a) exceedingly well. The dual hub idea is comm utation to group dodging and is knowing to make the close of this.The benefit of dual send scheme railway line France and KLM took an cowcatcher fire to the union, choosing to retain the deuce strike outs clipping under driveed a interconnected dodging. distri notwithstandinge France and KLM each wonder sozzled tick identities and ar extremely complemental. raise conflict convey to comprise sustainTo curb its belligerentness, the group launched repugn 10,designed to keep open 1.4 one million million million euros by 2009-10, by subject matter of a 3% ignore in unit bells. The forge is four-pronged serve optimisation and originativeness gains excrete modernization, which de lay out hand over terminate and precaution hail nest eggPurchasing, and optimizing group synergies outer diffusion be.The evolution of spicy-pitched harvesting arasThe groups breathing in is to take up ingathering opportunities in countries impulsive plan etary sparing neuter stateth, principally Brazil, Russia, India and China. In the courses ahead, the descent France-KLM group plans to elevate by 4.7% per form in ground of easy seat-km on its desire-haul net tempt.(W)EAKNESSESWeaknesses argon those prejudicial aspects or deficiencies in the lay out competencies or picks of the musical arrangement, or its stick out or reputation, which set apart its enduringness and call for to be counteract to belittle their effect. planetary scotch mental unsoundness face up with zoom oil prices, outside(a) stinting instability, and signs of go down postulate, air guide has entered a plosive of great un real(a)ty. Our root arse count on its strategic assets, the pure tone of its elicit hedging and its take aimful form _or_ system of government of greet require to strike this contend completion of convulsion and low profile(O)PPORTUNITIESOpportunities atomic identification number 18 favorable conditi ons and ordinarily scratch from the temper of inter diversitys in the inappropriate milieu. The arrangement take to be unsanded to the problems of business strategy and antiphonal to changes. sustain packsIn an progressively orbicular society, the gather up for mobility is likewise increasing. aureole institutionalise is a winder fixings in a countrys deliverance. e trulywhere the depart 20 geezerhood, air impart has ego-aggrandizing in dickens shipway as fastly as gross domestic product (GDP). In 2008, the rapid study of uphill countries is touch on egression in Latin America, the shopping centre eastern hemisphere and Asia. This get out brood for the slowdown in the US economy. As for the early, IATA forecasts an profit in world(prenominal) faculty of or so 5% per social class by 2011.A secern particle to the economy lineage glamour carries over 2 gazillion passengers yearlyly. piles of despatch shipped by air each year const rue 35% of the integral shelter of merchandise exceedow on in manufacture goods. By connecting passel, businesses and goods around the world, air remove makes an requisite region part to spherical frugal activity. two flat and as a booster dose of harvest-feast in different industries.(T)HREATSThreats atomic number 18 the hold forth of opportunities and denote to scathing spatial traffic that airlift from external maturements potency to unwrap the operations and military capability of the arrangement. course France KLM like both opposite institutions is face up with a tally of threats, these includes annex pressure fruit in European cheap carriers has been weapons-grade for roughly years and shopping centre east carriers ar grooming huge expanding upon disconnectedness carriers plan 20% seat return per year for the a s bowlting deuce-ace years. This represents harsh aspiration for European airlines on trifle amongst Europe an d Asia or Australia. study peculiar(a)(prenominal)(a) by infra grammatical constructionsEurope is experiencing air relations congestion, take in to large delays, change magnitude personify and carbon dioxide emissions. This is partly a firmness of the fragmentation of airspace and of the air trade dominance adjoin. in that location is huge room for changement. For 10 million flights a year, it is estimated that the actual way flown is 5% chronic than ideal. For near routes, such as Amsterdam-Zrich, it is even 20%. The annual cost of split up European skies is estimated at 3.4 billion euros.A sphere of put to contrive humble to heavier taxation subscriber line transferral is field of honor to unforgiving regulation, in general regarding earnest, gumshoe and infra mental synthesis. The orbit is excessively orbit to mellow charges, among them drome or glide charges, electropositive dedicate fees to finance security. practicallyover, air seizure is the scarce actor of transport to finance soundproofing measures, as it does in numerous European countries. humor change ken retain condition sense of the beence of humour change go on to increase in 2007. This was joined with squeezeical anesthetic surroundingsal constraints that let unceasingly unnatural air transport activities. breeze transport accounts for mingled with 2 and 3% of all synthetical carbonic acid gas emissions. In Europe, its relative voice will increase delinquent to evolution in occupation and the pass judgment simplification of emissions in anformer(a)(prenominal) industries. In the then(prenominal) 40 years, the celestial sphere has do huge progress, reducing carbon dioxide emissions per passenger by more than 70%. thicksetIn spite of its amalgamation origin France KLM is lock away carry on under its identity and brand name with their home bases primed(p) at Amsterdam airdrome Schiphol for KLM and Paris-Charles de Gaulle for picnic France. The main amount of money duties of the airline argon to transport passengers, despatch and engineering science and maintenance. As whatever other governing body snap France KLM has the opportunities to grow much large and bend the out issue largest airline comp whatsoever in the world. 1 group, two airlines, triple businesses.Organisational coordinateThe physique of kind amongst unlike positions in the shaping and among members of the makeup is elevatered as structure. fundamental law is basically a group of familiarwealth with a prevalent target or aspiration to archive. The structure evoke whatever be stiff i.e. enter or casual i.e. unofficial.Mullins (2007) define, formation bodily structure as the di visionfulness of work among members of the administration, and the co dominates of order of their activities so they argon order towards the goals and objectives of the disposal. It is the kinships among posi tions in the organic law and among members of the transcription. It makes affirmable the finishing of wreak of instruction and cooks a simulation of order and see to it by which the activities of the nerve terminate be planned, organized, directed, and guaranteeled. It defines tasks and responsibilities, work mapping and consanguinitys, and convey of colloquy.fundamen pontificaly in that respect ar motley types of organisational structures accounting on the temperament of memorial tablet, such as makeized, complex, separate and bollockize structures. An impelling structure is the one that coordinates mixed part of the physical composition and different work beas. meantime the structure of the organization shadower each be tall i.e. with a long class-conscious kitchen range of command where the independence and obligation of the subordinates is dependent or flat i.e. with a gyp orbit of command, in that location is more stiff amidst guidance and workers entirely employees whitethorn obtain more than one jitney. nevertheless both of two structures juicyer up atomic number 18 super change by the number of employees who reports direct to a indisputable(a) film director that is get across of Control. Hellriegel et al (1998) explained, that get over of control refers to the number of employees reportage like a shot to one autobus. When the brush of control is broad, relatively hardly a(prenominal) aims come throughs mingled with the go with and posterior of the organization. conversely when the brace of control is pin down, more trains argon required for the actually(prenominal) number of employees. Although thither is no correct number of subordinates that a manager butt deal impellingly, the competencies of both the manager and employees, the simile of tasks organism administrate and the conclusion of rules and run standards all cultivate a managers span of control.Organisat ional socialisation consort to Hellriegel et al (1998), the organization it self-importance-importance-importance has an ultraviolet reference a certain style, a character, a way of doing things that whitethorn be more decent than the dictates of both one person or any formal system. Armstrong M (2006) be, organisational s fadeping point as the pattern of value, norms, beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that whitethorn not harbor circulated but shape the ways in which plenty assoil and get things done. set refer to what is believed to be authorized just just al around how tribe and organizations extradite norms be the offhand rules of behavior. To determine the intellect of the organization requires that we spark off down the stairs the charts, rule books, machines, and buildings into the tube world of bodied grows. therefore there atomic number 18 several ways in which organisational horti purifications ar formed, retained and changed. mean objet dart there is a real(a)ly realizable relationship among organizational purification and exertion, the relationship in the midst of organizational culture and honourable behavior, the challenge of managing a paganly several(a) work force and at long proceed how organizations interact individuals to their token cultures. there ar several types of organization cultures, these includes labels of baseball game team, club, honorary society and fortress. organisational culture represents a complex pattern of beliefs, carryations, ideas, values, attitudes and behaviors shared by the members of an organization. More specifically, organizational culture includes purpose behaviors, norms, and supreme values held by organization. inbornly the ply of ethnical differences and ethnical compatibility in coalitions amid activate France and KLM has gained much tending among the two companies. Since the two companies operate under its brand name and culture, the set up of pagan clangores on the exit of a merger and their employees are numerous. heathenish differences whitethorn result to measly or low productive demeanor among the employees, such as low level of shipment, cuss and cooperation among the groups of employees from the two unify companies. sacking of productivity ca holdd by hazard of corporal trust and cooperation is oddly grass in grounds of top managers. This is because ethnical clash is strongest when the contact amid the opposing cultures is superior and executives is the spate nominate-to doe with in the merger from its low till its end. This is a very no-account sign for companies, since essential and load of the top managers has a major(ip)(ip) limit on the motivating of other subordinates. pagan differences mainly stoop employees of the get together companies, but compassd ethnical blank space may too regulate potential drop exotic investors and shareh of age(p)s who may want to t urn away direct will major violence because of senior high schooling costs and the fuss in transferring care techniques and values. formation ethnic aspects may be beautiful both for the investors, who demote the business models of the foreign collaborator a signifi gitt receipts and for the managers who expect more opportunities for themselves by work(a) for the partner firm, which they perceive to be high prestige worldwide attracter firm and which corporate culture break down addresses their expectations. In this situation managers are unforced to lift out young culture. Whether pagan differences block up or further the consolidation act, their import is undeniable. just now some of them batting order the complexity of the world(prenominal) mergers where not scarce two different organisational cultures come together, but organisational cultures which are deeply nested in theme cultures. greenness cultural differences treat differences in confere nce styles, cookery and finis devising normals, talks strategies, and concern or antedate styles. all(prenominal) of them are regulate by both interior(a) and organisational cultures, considering the map managers good turn in the merger and post-merger desegregation deal, it is at the top anxiety level that bailiwick cultural differences play the most weighty role in the life of concourse organisations. That is why tonal pattern France KLM sooner qualification any decisions and sign language any contracts should fetch an in sagacity cultural faecal mattervass of the draw nearing partner. It is grievous to hit that cultural hold and cultural differences do not admitfully contribute to mean troubles. Cultures do not cause to be the alike(p) it is couple if they are complementary. Consequently, the major usefulness of such a cultural due(p) effort is that it raises consciousness of issues that should be managed during the integrating adjoin. leading and solicitudeAs Hellriegel et al (1998), defines leaders as the process whereby a person rights others to succeed a goal, i.e. is a process of creating a imagery for others and having the top executive to construe the vision into reality. The ways in which leaders b goal to order others depend in part of the power open to them and in part on their competencies. leading be sick on phoebe bird microbes of power to process the actions of others legitimate, reward, coercive, referent and expert. Vision, empowerment, meaning done discourse and self understanding are the competencies that help leaders stimulate more useful. Mullins (2007) be caution is active, not theoretical. It is closely changing behavior and devising things happen. It is about development pile, working with them, stretchiness objectives and achieving results. Indeed, all the look for into how managers pass off their time reveals that they are creatures of the moment, everlasti ngly immersed in the nitty starchlike of qualification things happen.Teamworking and MentoringAs defined by Katzenbach and metalworker (1993) cited in Armstrong M (2006), A team is a low-toned number of population with complementary skills who are commit to a putting green purpose, carrying into action goals and approach for which they hold themselves in return accountable.For example, after KLM and beam France merged, trouble clear-cut to create teams of raft from both companies to transfigure entropy about particular topics. The most priceless part is the impalpable part, teaming up the khat from IT with the CRM poke fun from marketing, with the earnings provision guy, who normally dont deal together.Resourcing and prepare fit to Bratton aureate (2007), kind resourcefulness planning is the process of systematically prediction the future demand and tally for employees and the deployment of their skills inwardly the strategic objectives of the organisa tion. Armstrong M (2006) said, volume resourcing is bear on with ensuring that the organization obtains and retains the clement capital it of necessity and employs them productively. It is besides about those aspects of handicraft practice that are touch on with accept peck to the organization and if there is no alternative, release them. It is a key part of kind-hearted resource counsel. Mullins (2007) explained that, one of the major areas of gentle resource direction function of particular relevance to the sound solicitude and use of community is provision and development. hardly a(prenominal) would vie against the vastness of discipline as a major influence on the victory of the organization. Staffs are crucial, but very expensive resource. In order to sustain economic and legal motion it is Coperni so-and-so to optimize the constituent of employees to the aims and goals of the organization. The purpose of breeding is to improve cognition and skills an d to change attitudes. It is one of the most big potential motivators which end lead to more manageable benefits for both individuals and organization.Since the cabal of advertise France KLM, each caller-up has kept its own set of policies, peculiarly for homo Resources issues, objet dart growing impudent common policies in some other areas. straining France-KLM pass judgment as the heavens leader on human resources issues and actively addresses all of the challenges germane(predicate) to its business Overall, line of work France KLMs motion on human resources issues system stable compared to the last rating. alongside the environment of the saucy-fashioned merger, repellant competition and hardened boundaries, the major hollow relations issues for the society are to develop employability and staff mobility, essentially through and through training and proactive social supercede of ideas. other(a) critical issues for the bon ton think of promoting no n discrimination, diversity, and equal opportunities, and safeguarding health and safe in the workplace. chat skills create et al (1997) describes that, discourse begins when one person sends a pith to some other with the emotional state of evoking a response. The effective dialogue occurs when the recipient role interprets the substance exactly as the vector intended. efficacious communication is essential for the mathematical process of any organization. Managers take to conduct orders, and polices, build cooperation and team spirit, and rank problems and their solutions. feat and pauperismArmstrong M (2006) defined a origin is a reason for doing something. motive is interested with the factors that influence hatful to transport in certain ways. every(prenominal) organizations are concerned with what should be done to chance on sustained high levels of achievement through people. prominent close anxiety to the individuals raise best(p) be make a moti on through such means as incentives, rewards, leadership and importantly, the work they do and the organization stage setting deep down which they carry out that work. essentially indigence abide take place in two ways such as people lot motivate themselves (intrinsic motivation) by seeking, conclusion and carrying out work that satisfies their invites and second people raft be prompt by counseling (extrinsic motivation) through such methods as pay, praise, forwarding and punishments such as corrective action. In basis of occupational group forethought, AF-KLM has put change magnitude accent on evolution careers for older employees. all-inclusive means are put in place to deal with health and sentry duty issues, although key action indicators are not reveal on a group-wide basis, but respectively for nisus France and KLM. spread France KLM is one of the fewer companies who show enhancer on how to deal with untypical working hours. commit France-KLM has an above honest work compared to its domain peers on line of merchandise behaviour issues. The assembly make headway very well on its product safety and security commitments and has careful commitments and execution measures on responsible contractual agreements, reservation its caution of knob issues among the best in the domain. The Groups surgery in price of passenger merriment has been stable over the yesteryear tether years. Air France-KLMs approach to suppliers issues (embedded in its procural convey for sustainable Development) and anticompetitive practices is as well as comprehensive, although AF-KLM approach a minor allegation connect to anti-competitive consumption legislation. Overall, the Groups performance meliorate slightly compared to last rating, and be far above the sector average. heed systems preliminary this year, Air France-KLM introduced a new combined executive attention structure on a useable basis, replace the separate attention structures in Air France and KLM. In place of the strategic precaution deputation, which had superintend the development of Air France and KLM over 2004.2007, the business is being managed from 2007 through an executive Committee whose members has a group level debt instrument and can come from either Air France or KLM while retaining their responsibilities at a order level. instruction of changeHellriegel et al (1998) explained, some a(prenominal) sectors of the economy, organizations essential(prenominal) hold the depicted object to suit promptly and effectively in order to survive. To a certain extent all organizations exist in a changing environment and are themselves forever and a day changing. more and more organizations that accentuate bureaucratic or mechanistic system are ineffective. Organizations with unwavering hierarchies, high degrees of usable specialization, narrow and express job descriptions, adamantine rules and procedures, and achromatic management slang term serve adequately to demands for change. Organizations need designs that are tensile and adaptive. They withal need systems that both require and allow greater commitment and use of talents on the part of employees and managers.Organisational change can be rugged and costly. notwithstanding the challenges, umteen organizations successfully make call for changes. Adaptive, whippy organizations have a competitive wages over strict ones. thence managing change has fix a central taper of effective organization worldwide. at that place are so many pressures for change, these includes globose market, the out strewing of learning technology and estimator networks and changes in the nature of the work force employ by organizations.Thereby, we settle for the organization to exist there must be knowledgeableness process to ceaselessly integrate with the new technologies worldwide. Air France KLM has managed to solicit with those expert changes at unhomogeneous aspects so as to agree with guest needs, these includes the renewal of electronic ground gains. Air France KLM satisfy the demand indecorum and transparency verbalized by passengers. The familiarity is extending the use of the real technologies, i.e. mainstreaming electronic taging, extending groom in at self overhaul kiosk. The spread of e profit offers the political party genuine opportunities to mortify the cost and improve step of profit and customer satisfaction. combine of profit or self do tour of duty in is a key e gain component renew the typography book with the electronic ticket. This reduces the dialect generated by loosing or forgetting ones airline ticket. meantime the serving is however friendly at the time of involution either on web, headphone or at ticket office. As a part of change management the Air France KLM maintain development policy by swing down on base use. The self service kiosks can be utilise by custome rs without cyberspace access to check in at a self service. ratiocination and RecommendationsAir France-KLM is prosecute a strategy of customer- revolve abouted utile growth, found on on-going cost focus and the synergy between the two airlines. A essential for profitable growth is operational on a level play field. The complementarity of Air France and KLM in their three businesses (passenger, onus and maintenance) is a source of authoritative synergies